Add Chan-Paton factors and SM-like scenario building

Signed-off-by: Riccardo Finotello <riccardo.finotello@gmail.com>

thesis.bib

@@ -1,4 +1,23 @@
 
+@article{Aldazabal:2000:DBranesSingularitiesBottomUp,
+  title = {D-{{Branes}} at {{Singularities}} : {{A Bottom}}-{{Up Approach}} to the {{String Embedding}} of the {{Standard Model}}},
+  shorttitle = {D-{{Branes}} at {{Singularities}}},
+  author = {Aldazabal, G. and Ibanez, L. E. and Quevedo, F. and Uranga, A. M.},
+  date = {2000-08-01},
+  journaltitle = {Journal of High Energy Physics},
+  shortjournal = {J. High Energy Phys.},
+  volume = {2000},
+  pages = {002--002},
+  issn = {1029-8479},
+  doi = {10.1088/1126-6708/2000/08/002},
+  abstract = {We propose a bottom-up approach to the building of particle physics models from string theory. Our building blocks are Type II D-branes which we combine appropriately to reproduce desirable features of a particle theory model: 1) Chirality ; 2) Standard Model group ; 3) N=1 or N=0 supersymmetry ; 4) Three quark-lepton generations. We start such a program by studying configurations of D=10, Type IIB D3-branes located at singularities. We study in detail the case of Z\_N, N=1,0 orbifold singularities leading to the SM group or some left-right symmetricextension. In general, tadpole cancellation conditions require the presence of additional branes, e.g. D7-branes. For the N=1 supersymmetric case the unique twist leading to three quark-lepton generations is Z\_3, predicting \$\textbackslash sin\^2\textbackslash theta\_W=3/14=0.21\$. The models obtained are the simplest semirealistic string models ever built. In the non-supersymmetric case there is a three-generation model for each Z\_N, N{$>$}4, but the Weinberg angle is in general too small. One can obtain a large class of D=4 compact models by considering the above structure embedded into a Calabi Yau compactification. We explicitly construct examples of such compact models using Z\_3 toroidal orbifolds and orientifolds, and discuss their properties. In these examples, global cancellation of RR charge may be achieved by adding anti-branes stuck at the fixed points, leading to models with hidden sector gravity-induced supersymmetry breaking. More general frameworks, like F-theory compactifications, allow completely \$\textbackslash NN=1\$ supersymmetric embeddings of our local structures, as we show in an explicit example.},
+  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
+  eprint = {hep-th/0005067},
+  eprinttype = {arxiv},
+  file = {/home/riccardo/.local/share/zotero/files/aldazabal_et_al_2000_d-branes_at_singularities.pdf;/home/riccardo/.local/share/zotero/storage/BTI6TASA/0005067.html},
+  number = {08}
+}
+
 @article{Anderson:2018:TASILecturesGeometric,
   title = {{{TASI Lectures}} on {{Geometric Tools}} for {{String Compactifications}}},
   author = {Anderson, Lara B. and Karkheiran, Mohsen},
@@ -66,6 +85,41 @@
   series = {Theoretical and {{Mathematical Physics}}}
 }
 
+@article{Bousso:2000:QuantizationFourformFluxes,
+  title = {Quantization of {{Four}}-Form {{Fluxes}} and {{Dynamical Neutralization}} of the {{Cosmological Constant}}},
+  author = {Bousso, Raphael and Polchinski, Joseph},
+  date = {2000-06-04},
+  journaltitle = {Journal of High Energy Physics},
+  shortjournal = {J. High Energy Phys.},
+  volume = {2000},
+  pages = {006--006},
+  issn = {1029-8479},
+  doi = {10.1088/1126-6708/2000/06/006},
+  abstract = {A four-form gauge flux makes a variable contribution to the cosmological constant. This has often been assumed to take continuous values, but we argue that it has a generalized Dirac quantization condition. For a single flux the steps are much larger than the observational limit, but we show that with multiple fluxes the allowed values can form a sufficiently dense `discretuum'. Multiple fluxes generally arise in M theory compactifications on manifolds with non-trivial three-cycles. In theories with large extra dimensions a few four-forms suffice; otherwise of order 100 are needed. Starting from generic initial conditions, the repeated nucleation of membranes dynamically generates regions with a cosmological constant in the observational range. Entropy and density perturbations can be produced.},
+  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
+  eprint = {hep-th/0004134},
+  eprinttype = {arxiv},
+  file = {/home/riccardo/.local/share/zotero/files/bousso_polchinski_2000_quantization_of_four-form_fluxes_and_dynamical_neutralization_of_the.pdf;/home/riccardo/.local/share/zotero/storage/2LKAEYI3/0004134.html},
+  number = {06}
+}
+
+@article{Brown:1988:NeutralizationCosmologicalConstant,
+  title = {Neutralization of the Cosmological Constant by Membrane Creation},
+  author = {Brown, J.David and Teitelboim, Claudio},
+  date = {1988-02},
+  journaltitle = {Nuclear Physics B},
+  shortjournal = {Nuclear Physics B},
+  volume = {297},
+  pages = {787--836},
+  issn = {05503213},
+  doi = {10.1016/0550-3213(88)90559-7},
+  annotation = {http://web.archive.org/web/20200904101758/https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0550321388905597},
+  file = {/home/riccardo/.local/share/zotero/files/brown_teitelboim_1988_neutralization_of_the_cosmological_constant_by_membrane_creation.pdf},
+  keywords = {archived},
+  langid = {english},
+  number = {4}
+}
+
 @inproceedings{Calabi:1957:KahlerManifoldsVanishing,
   title = {On {{Kähler}} Manifolds with Vanishing Canonical Class},
   booktitle = {Algebraic Geometry and Topology. {{A}} Symposium in Honor of {{S}}. {{Lefschetz}}},
@@ -92,6 +146,17 @@
   langid = {english}
 }
 
+@article{Cleaver:2007:SearchMinimalSupersymmetric,
+  title = {In {{Search}} of the ({{Minimal Supersymmetric}}) {{Standard Model String}}},
+  author = {Cleaver, Gerald B.},
+  date = {2007-03},
+  abstract = {This paper summarizes several developments in string-derived (Minimal Supersymmetric) Standard Models. Part one reviews the first string model containing solely the three generations of the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model and a single pair of Higgs as the matter in the observable sector of the low energy effective field theory. This model was constructed by Cleaver, Faraggi, and Nanopoulos in the Z\_2 x Z\_2 free fermionic formulation of weak coupled heterotic strings. Part two examines a representative collection of string/brane-derived MSSMs that followed. These additional models were obtained from various construction methods, including weak coupled Z\_6 heterotic orbifolds, strong coupled heterotic on elliptically fibered Calabi-Yau's, Type IIB orientifolds with magnetic charged branes, and Type IIA orientifolds with intersecting branes (duals of the Type IIB). Phenomenology of the models is compared. To appear in String Theory Research Progress, Ferenc N. Balogh, editor., (ISBN 978-1-60456-075-6), Nova Science Publishers, Inc.\vphantom\{\}},
+  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
+  eprint = {hep-ph/0703027},
+  eprinttype = {arxiv},
+  file = {/home/riccardo/.local/share/zotero/files/cleaver_2007_in_search_of_the_(minimal_supersymmetric)_standard_model_string.pdf}
+}
+
 @book{DiFrancesco:1997:ConformalFieldTheory,
   title = {Conformal {{Field Theory}}},
   author = {Di Francesco, Philippe and Mathieu, Pierre and Sénéchal, David},
@@ -160,6 +225,25 @@
   file = {/home/riccardo/.local/share/zotero/files/di_vecchia_et_al_2006_boundary_state_for_magnetized_d9_branes_and_one-loop_calculation.pdf}
 }
 
+@article{Finotello:2019:ClassicalSolutionBosonic,
+  ids = {Finotello:2019:ClassicalSolutionBosonica},
+  title = {The {{Classical Solution}} for the {{Bosonic String}} in the {{Presence}} of {{Three D}}-Branes {{Rotated}} by {{Arbitrary SO}}(4) {{Elements}}},
+  author = {Finotello, Riccardo and Pesando, Igor},
+  date = {2019-04},
+  journaltitle = {Nuclear Physics B},
+  shortjournal = {Nuclear Physics B},
+  volume = {941},
+  pages = {158--194},
+  issn = {05503213},
+  doi = {10.1016/j.nuclphysb.2019.02.010},
+  abstract = {We consider the classical instantonic contribution to the open string configuration associated with three D-branes with relative rotation matrices in SO(4) which corresponds to the computation of the classical part of the correlator of three non Abelian twist fields. We write the classical solution as a sum of a product of two hypergeometric functions. Differently from all the previous cases with three D-branes, the solution is not holomorphic and suggests that the classical bosonic string knows when the configuration may be supersymmetric. We show how this configuration reduces to the standard Abelian twist field computation. From the phenomenological point of view, the Yukawa couplings between chiral matter at the intersection in this configuration are more suppressed with respect to the factorized case in the literature.},
+  annotation = {ZSCC: 0000000},
+  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
+  eprint = {1812.04643},
+  eprinttype = {arxiv},
+  file = {/home/riccardo/.local/share/zotero/files/finotello_pesando_2019_the_classical_solution_for_the_bosonic_string_in_the_presence_of_three_d-branes.pdf;/home/riccardo/.local/share/zotero/files/finotello_pesando_2019_the_classical_solution_for_the_bosonic_string_in_the_presence_of_three_d-branes2.pdf}
+}
+
 @article{Friedan:1986:ConformalInvarianceSupersymmetry,
   title = {Conformal Invariance, Supersymmetry and String Theory},
   author = {Friedan, Daniel and Martinec, Emil and Shenker, Stephen},
@@ -185,6 +269,22 @@
   file = {/home/riccardo/.local/share/zotero/files/ginsparg_1988_applied_conformal_field_theory.pdf}
 }
 
+@article{Goddard:1973:QuantumDynamicsMassless,
+  title = {Quantum Dynamics of a Massless Relativistic String},
+  author = {Goddard, P. and Goldstone, J. and Rebbi, C. and Thorn, C.B.},
+  date = {1973-05},
+  journaltitle = {Nuclear Physics B},
+  shortjournal = {Nuclear Physics B},
+  volume = {56},
+  pages = {109--135},
+  issn = {05503213},
+  doi = {10.1016/0550-3213(73)90223-X},
+  file = {/home/riccardo/.local/share/zotero/files/goddard_et_al_1973_quantum_dynamics_of_a_massless_relativistic_string.pdf},
+  keywords = {archived},
+  langid = {english},
+  number = {1}
+}
+
 @article{Grana:2005:FluxCompactificationsString,
   title = {Flux Compactifications in String Theory: A Comprehensive Review},
   author = {Graña, Mariana},
@@ -319,6 +419,24 @@
   keywords = {⛔ No DOI found}
 }
 
+@article{Kachru:2003:SitterVacuaString,
+  title = {De {{Sitter Vacua}} in {{String Theory}}},
+  author = {Kachru, Shamit and Kallosh, Renata and Linde, Andrei and Trivedi, Sandip P.},
+  date = {2003-08-07},
+  journaltitle = {Physical Review D},
+  shortjournal = {Phys. Rev. D},
+  volume = {68},
+  pages = {046005},
+  issn = {0556-2821, 1089-4918},
+  doi = {10.1103/PhysRevD.68.046005},
+  abstract = {We outline the construction of metastable de Sitter vacua of type IIB string theory. Our starting point is highly warped IIB compactifications with nontrivial NS and RR three-form fluxes. By incorporating known corrections to the superpotential from Euclidean D-brane instantons or gaugino condensation, one can make models with all moduli fixed, yielding a supersymmetric AdS vacuum. Inclusion of a small number of anti-D3 branes in the resulting warped geometry allows one to uplift the AdS minimum and make it a metastable de Sitter ground state. The lifetime of our metastable de Sitter vacua is much greater than the cosmological timescale of 10\^10 years. We also prove, under certain conditions, that the lifetime of dS space in string theory will always be shorter than the recurrence time.},
+  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
+  eprint = {hep-th/0301240},
+  eprinttype = {arxiv},
+  file = {/home/riccardo/.local/share/zotero/files/kachru_et_al_2003_de_sitter_vacua_in_string_theory.pdf;/home/riccardo/.local/share/zotero/storage/AABMA8ED/0301240.html},
+  number = {4}
+}
+
 @article{Krippendorf:2010:CambridgeLecturesSupersymmetry,
   title = {Cambridge {{Lectures}} on {{Supersymmetry}} and {{Extra Dimensions}}},
   author = {Krippendorf, Sven and Quevedo, Fernando and Schlotterer, Oliver},
@@ -349,6 +467,22 @@
   number = {1-2}
 }
 
+@article{Paton:1969:GeneralizedVenezianoModel,
+  title = {Generalized {{Veneziano}} Model with Isospin},
+  author = {Paton, J.E. and {Chan Hong-Mo}},
+  date = {1969-05},
+  journaltitle = {Nuclear Physics B},
+  shortjournal = {Nuclear Physics B},
+  volume = {10},
+  pages = {516--520},
+  issn = {05503213},
+  doi = {10.1016/0550-3213(69)90038-8},
+  file = {/home/riccardo/.local/share/zotero/files/paton_chan_hong-mo_1969_generalized_veneziano_model_with_isospin.pdf},
+  keywords = {archived},
+  langid = {english},
+  number = {3}
+}
+
 @article{Polchinski:1995:DirichletBranesRamondRamond,
   title = {Dirichlet Branes and {{Ramond}}-{{Ramond}} Charges},
   author = {Polchinski, Joseph},
@@ -418,6 +552,17 @@
   number = {3}
 }
 
+@article{Susskind:2003:AnthropicLandscapeString,
+  title = {The {{Anthropic Landscape}} of {{String Theory}}},
+  author = {Susskind, Leonard},
+  date = {2003-02},
+  abstract = {In this lecture I make some educated guesses, about the landscape of string theory vacua. Based on the recent work of a number of authors, it seems plausible that the lanscape is unimaginably large and diverse. Whether we like it or not, this is the kind of behavior that gives credence to the Anthropic Principle. I discuss the theoretical and conceptual issues that arise in developing a cosmology based on the diversity of environments implicit in string theory.},
+  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
+  eprint = {hep-th/0302219},
+  eprinttype = {arxiv},
+  file = {/home/riccardo/.local/share/zotero/files/susskind_2003_the_anthropic_landscape_of_string_theory.pdf}
+}
+
 @article{Taylor:2003:LecturesDbranesTachyon,
   title = {Lectures on {{D}}-Branes, Tachyon Condensation, and String Field Theory},
   author = {Taylor, Washington},
@@ -443,6 +588,32 @@
   file = {/home/riccardo/.local/share/zotero/files/taylor_zwiebach_2004_d-branes,_tachyons,_and_string_field_theory.pdf}
 }
 
+@article{tHooft:2009:DimensionalReductionQuantum,
+  title = {Dimensional {{Reduction}} in {{Quantum Gravity}}},
+  author = {'t Hooft, Gerard},
+  date = {2009-03-20},
+  abstract = {The requirement that physical phenomena associated with gravitational collapse should be duly reconciled with the postulates of quantum mechanics implies that at a Planckian scale our world is not 3+1 dimensional. Rather, the observable degrees of freedom can best be described as if they were Boolean variables defined on a two-dimensional lattice, evolving with time. This observation, deduced from not much more than unitarity, entropy and counting arguments, implies severe restrictions on possible models of quantum gravity. Using cellular automata as an example it is argued that this dimensional reduction implies more constraints than the freedom we have in constructing models. This is the main reason why so-far no completely consistent mathematical models of quantum black holes have been found. Essay dedicated to Abdus Salam.},
+  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
+  eprint = {gr-qc/9310026},
+  eprinttype = {arxiv},
+  file = {/home/riccardo/.local/share/zotero/files/hooft_2009_dimensional_reduction_in_quantum_gravity.pdf;/home/riccardo/.local/share/zotero/storage/XXKQV4D9/9310026.html},
+  options = {useprefix=true}
+}
+
+@article{Uranga:2003:ChiralFourdimensionalString,
+  title = {Chiral Four-Dimensional String Compactifications with Intersecting {{D}}-Branes},
+  author = {Uranga, Angel M},
+  date = {2003-06-21},
+  journaltitle = {Classical and Quantum Gravity},
+  shortjournal = {Class. Quantum Grav.},
+  volume = {20},
+  pages = {S373-S393},
+  issn = {0264-9381, 1361-6382},
+  doi = {10.1088/0264-9381/20/12/303},
+  file = {/home/riccardo/.local/share/zotero/files/uranga_2003_chiral_four-dimensional_string_compactifications_with_intersecting_d-branes.pdf},
+  number = {12}
+}
+
 @article{Uranga:2005:TASILecturesString,
   title = {{{TASI}} Lectures on {{String Compactification}}, {{Model Building}}, and {{Fluxes}}},
   author = {Uranga, Angel M.},